Orange Free State, 1856
The Orange Free State was founded on 23 February 1854 as an independent Boer republic (‘Oranje Vrijstaat’). It initially used the Dutch flag, but a request was sent to the Republic’s Consul in the Netherlands if King William III would grant arms and flag. On 12 January 1856, the King’s special envoy presented the symbols. The flag featured three orange stripes on a white field - referring to the Orange River, named after the Dutch House of Orange, and a small Dutch flag in the canton, symbolising the bonds with the Netherlands.