Republic of Lydenburg, 1856
Boer “Voortrekkers” under the leadership of Andries Potgieter founded the town of Lydenburg, on the highveld of Transvaal, in 1849 and proclaimed it the capital of 'De Republiek Lydenburg in Zuid Afrika' in 1856 . It joined in 1858 with the “Republic of Utrecht”, established in 1853 on a piece of land around the Blood and Buffalo rivers; a group of Boers had obtained it from the Zulu King Mpande in exchange for 100 head of cattle. Both used the tricolour flag of the Netherlands, and in 1860 they joined the South African Republic (Transvaal).