Orange Free State, 1857

Orange Free State, 1857

When the Orange Free State was established as an independent republic, its president sent a request to the Netherlands to have its official symbols professionally designed. King William III ordered a flag and coat of arms designed in 1855, which was presented on 12 January 1856. It featured a shield with a wavy orange line, symbolising the Orange River and three bugle horns, the Dutch House of Orange badge. However, in the meantime, a Great Seal had already been designed and approved: it featured a tree of liberty, three sheep, a lion, and an ox-wagon, with the mottos “VRYHEID” and “IMMIGRATIE” (‘Freedom, Immigration’) on the upper and lower edge and, on a scroll, “GEDULD EN MOED” (‘Patience and Courage’). The legislators combined the two designs, omitting the wavy orange stripe and having a National flag draped on each side. It was officially adopted on 23 February 1857.

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