Mongolia, 1911
On 29 december 1911 Outer Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing Dynasty and the eighth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (Buddhist spiritual leader) was enthroned as the Bogd Khan (Great Khaan or Emperor) of Mongolia. A dark red flag was adopted featuring the “Soyombo”, the national symbol of Mongolia and, on the flag itself and the three tails from the fly, text in Soyombo script, invented by Zanabazar, the first Mongolian spiritual leader, serving as the alphabet for Mongolian Buddhism.