Republic of Stellaland, 1883
Gerrit Jacobus van Niekerk, a farmer from Transvaal, founded the Republic of Stellaland in an area of British Bechuanaland (now South Africa’s North West Province), west of the Transvaal, on 26 July 1882. The name “Stellaland” (Star Land) referred to a comet visible at that time. He founded the town of Vryburg for its inhabitants: “Vryburgers”, meaning ‘Free citizens’ in Afrikaans. In January 1883, it had a green flag with a shield, divided in quarters depicting a dove being set free, a star, two fish speared by a sword and scales. A white star surmounted it, and beneath it was a scroll with the words “GEWAPEND EN REGTVAARDIG” (‘Armed and Just’). This flag may have been the Presidential standard of van Niekerk