On 15 September 1887 the German military declared Tui A’ana Tupua Tamasese Titimaea as “King of Samoa” and Laupepa was sent into exile. Tupua Tamasese’s flag seems to have been a white field with a black cross and a red canton with a white star, the German colours. In 1889, during the civil war, Germany, Britain, and the United States decided to declare Laupepa, king again, as a compromise candidate; they brought him back from exile and the red and white Malietoa flag was hoisted once more.