Kingdom of Haiti, 1811

Henri Christophe, who was recognised in the north, northwest and in Arbonite had maintained the imperial black-red flag of Dessalines. On 28 March 1811 he was proclaimed King under the name of Henri I, and the flag was changed: red at the hoist and black at the fly with, in the centre, a shield with a phoenix under five five-pointed stars, all in gold on a blue background; the shield bore a crown and the Latin inscription “Ex cinerebus nascitur” (From the ashes we will arise). This lasted until 1818, when Pétion conquered the north, deposed Henri and imposed the blue and red flag.